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Ale -- Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, and In-Between
In his autobiography, Benjamin Franklin talks about working at Watt's Printing House in London during the 1720s. Although coffee and tea had arrived in England by this time, they were not yet available to the common citizen, who still relied on the nutrients provided by beer to get through the day. Franklin (sounding perhaps typically American and puritanical in his abstemiousness?) comments on these habits using the precise logic that would soon make tea and coffee the beverages of the sober, productive working class:
At my first admission into this printing-house I took to working at press, imagining I felt a want of the bodily exercise I had been us'd to in America, where presswork is mix'd with composing. I drank only water; the other workmen, near fifty in number, were great guzzlers of beer. On occasion, I carried up and down stairs a large form of types in each hand, when others carried but one in both hands. They wondered to see, from this and several instances, that the Water-American, as they called me, was stronger than themselves, who drank strong beer! We had an alehouse boy who attended always in the house to supply the workmen. My companion at the press drank every day a pint before breakfast, a pint at breakfast with his bread and cheese, a pint between breakfast and dinner, a pint at dinner, a pint in the afternoon about six o'clock, and another when he had done his day's work. I thought it a detestable custom; but it was necessary, he suppos'd, to drink strong beer, that he might be strong to labor. I endeavored to convince him that the bodily strength afforded by beer could only be in proportion to the grain or flour of the barley dissolved in the water of which it was made; that there was more flour in a pennyworth of bread; and therefore, if he would eat that with a pint of water, it would give him more strength than a quart of beer. He drank on, however, and had four or five shillings to pay out of this wages every Saturday night for that muddling liquor; an expense I was free from. .. From my example, a great part of [the workmen] left their muddling breakfast of beer, and bread, and cheese, finding they could with me be suppl'd from a neighboring house with a large porringer of hot water-gruel, sprinkled with pepper, crumb'd with bread, and a bit of butter in it, for the price of a pint of beer, viz., three half-pence. This was a more comfortable as well as cheaper breakfast, and kept their heads clearer. From Memoirs of the Life & Writings of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin. London: J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1908 edition (pages 55 to 56). |