The word Languedoc means, literally, the language that uses "oc" to mean "yes." In contrast, "langue d'oïl," means the language that uses "oïl" -- an early form of "oui" -- for the affirmative. Langue d'oïl describes the dialects spoken in northern France during the Middle Ages. The northern dialects evolved into modern-day French. The other, less dominant, group of romance languages, those spoken by the troubadours at the same period of time in the south, can still be heard in Provence and Languedoc.